Essay on Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism - 478 Words

Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism While Hinduism and Buddhism come from the same cultural backgrounds, they are extremely diverse in their beliefs on afterlife, deity, and rituals. Both religions believe in reincarnation, but it is where an individual goes after he or she gets off the endless cycle that differs. These religions also part when it comes to whom they do or do not worship. Every religion comes with rituals and Hinduism and Buddhism are no exceptions. Hindu followers have no doubt they go to moksha after they accomplish redemption, but Buddhists believe that the main goal is to achieve nirvana in the afterlife. A Hindu can conquer redemption by living a life of asceticism. After becoming a Sadhu, or holy man, and renouncing†¦show more content†¦The Eight-Fold Path essentially states pupils should have the right knowledge, speech, aspirations, behavior, livelihood, efforts, mindfulness, and know self-concentration. Following the Eight-Fold Path leads to achieving nirvana. Another distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism is their concepts of deity. Although Hinduism claims to be a monotheistic religion, worshiping only Brahma Nerguna, Hindus worship 33 million other gods that are aspects of Brahma Nerguna. Some of the most common gods or aspects are Ganesha, Vishnu, and Shiva. Ganesha is the god of good luck, Vishnu is the god of families, health, and children, and Shiva is the destroyer. Buddhism has different branches that seem to contradict its original teachings. Some Buddhists worship Buddha, while the remainder of Buddhist think of Buddha as just a man and follow his teachings. An additional polarity of Hindus and Buddhists are their unique rituals and practices. The most fundamental ceremonies for every Hindu are those that involve the rites of passage. These begin with the first time a child eats solid food. The last rites are the funeral ceremonies and the yearly offerings to dead ancestors. Rotating prayer wheels is a ritual of Tibetan Buddhists. The prayer wheels have inscribed mantras or sacred chants. The wheel is believed to release benevolent forces and acquire merit for the worshipper. Hinduism and Buddhism have a variety of different beliefs. In Hinduism you become oneShow MoreRelatedComparing Buddhism and Hinduism Essay644 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Buddhism and Hinduism As mentioned at the first meeting of our seminar, I originally took this class to fulfill a requirement set forth by the Hutchins School. However upon a little investigation and contemplation of my own, I have begun to think that I might find myself truly enjoying this class. Never having been much of a religious person, I suppose Ive shied away from the ideas of organized religion. Though this may always be the case for me, I have recently developed aRead MoreEssay on Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism1932 Words   |  8 PagesComparing Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism have different similarities and are in some ways connected to each other. Some of the practices of the two religions are similar in various ways and there are several examples to show this. Hinduism first started in India around 1500 BC. The word Hindu comes from the Sanskrit word sindhu, or river. The Hindu community define themselves as those who believe in the Vedas, or also those who follow the way, or dharma, of the fourRead MoreComparing The Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesExam II #2. Compare and contrast the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. What were the essential differences between the two? What hope did they give to the common people of India ? Both Hinduism and Buddhism are prominent religions in the ancient and modern world. They are arguably two of the most popular polytheistic faiths as well. Most people make the mistake of grouping them as one uniform religion, but this is inaccurate. Buddhism and Hinduism do split some resemblance, but several aspectsRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism976 Words   |  4 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s most influential and greatest religions. Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of the awakened one (Abrams), and Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s greatest religions (Rice). Both of these religions arose in South Asia, thus they share similar culture and philosophy; however, they also contrast greatly with each other in many other aspects. By comparing the rituals of worship of the two religions it is proven that Hinduism worships variousRead MoreThe Bhagavad Git A Conversation Between Arjuna, Krishna And The Blessed One853 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical Arjuna ends having an emotional battle within himself. To go against his faith or deal with the consequences of killing his own family. The Bhagavad Gita shows how religion influences a follower’s judgement on a situation. By comparing The Bhagavad Gita to Buddhism it is clear to see how the religions differ on influence. Arjuna at first has no problem with fighting until he sees his some of family getting ready to fight for the other. Now he is faced with the dilemma of what should he doRead MoreThe Beginning Of Buddhism And India1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe beginning of Buddhism started in 5th century B.C. in India (Violatti). Siddhartha, also referred to as Buddha, was said to have seen the suffering of the world and set out a way to fix it. He was said to have reached a state of enlightenment that was said to have begun at the end of attachments. These attachments were said to have been able to be achieved through a large amount of meditation and analysis of the world (Violatti, Buddhism). Buddhism does not have a direct set of books to followRead MoreHinduism and Budhism: Two of the World ´s Largest Religions1201 Words   |  5 Pagesreligions that are recognized as having the largest population of followers.(Major) Of these, there are some that are not recognized as or do not fall unde r the definition of religion in their countries of origin. Two of these Religions are Hinduism and Buddhism. While some do not see these as extremely prominent, they are pinocle belief systems in the Asian continent, with over 1 billion followers all together. (Feldhaus) These two religions along with few other traditional Asian belief systems areRead MoreSimilarities Between Buddhism And Hinduism1404 Words   |  6 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are closely related when comparing the two. Buddhism was created based on the ideologies of Hinduism. There differences on their views with the idea of self and transmigration. They compare with one another with the problems of having senses, desires and anger. Hinduism believes in everything being unified together as one ultimate reality, which is Brahman. Brahman is the truth of all. Atman is considered as the true and pure self. Atman and Brahman are identical with oneRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism1390 Words   |  6 Pagesboth fall under the religions of Hinduism. Not only do the details of the pieces help explain the art, but so does the culture and the religion practiced at the time the piece was made. Hinduism is a major religion in India that is practiced by almost everyone. This is where they believe in one supreme being that has many different aspects. People who don’t understand Hinduism commonly mistake it with Buddhism due to the fact they share similar beliefs. Hinduism has the most affect on the cultureRead MoreBuddhist Meditation Center On Buddhism1205 Words   |  5 PagesIrving. After going through the course material on Buddhism, it got me curious to learn more about the culture, experience live worship ritual, meditation, and architecture of the temple. To understand the religion and culture better, I requested a friend of mine to visit the temple along with me. Since he practices Buddhism and also is a Tibetan, he acted as a personal guide during my visit to the meditation center. With little knowledge about Buddhism, he helped me understand the meaning of different

Best Examples of Palindromes in the English Language

What do the words â€Å"madam,† â€Å"mom,† and â€Å"rotor† have in common? They are palindromes: words, phrases, verses, sentences, or a series of characters that read the same both forwards and backwards. A palindrome can be as short as three characters (mom, for instance), or as long as an entire novel. Take this multi-sentence palindrome as an example: Are we not pure? â€Å"No, sir!† Panama’s moody Noriega brags. â€Å"It is garbage!† Irony dooms a man — a prisoner up to new era. From dad to kayak, you likely encounter many palindromes in your daily life. In addition to everyday speech, this feature of language has applications from literature to classical music composition to molecular biology.   The History of Palindromes â€Å"Palindrome† derives from the Greek word palà ­ndromos, meaning â€Å"running back again.† However, the use of palindromes was not exclusive to the Greeks. Since at least 79 AD, palindromes appeared in Latin, Hebrew, and Sanskrit. English poet John Taylor was hailed as one of the first palindrome writers when he wrote: â€Å"Lewd did I live, evil I did dwel.† In the following centuries, palindromes increased in popularity, and by 1971, the Guinness Book of World Records began to officially recognize the worlds longest palindromes. Between 1971 and 1980, the winner grew from 242 words to 11,125 words. Today, palindromes are celebrated on Palindrome Days, when the numerical date is itself a palindrome (e.g. 11/02/2011). With palindromes, the same rules of punctuation, capitalization and spacing don’t apply. For example, the word â€Å"Hannah† is a palindrome, even though both â€Å"H’s† aren’t capitalized. And what about words that spell another word backwards, like â€Å"live† becoming â€Å"evil†? That’s called a semordnilap, which happens to be itself a semordnilap of palindrome. Record-Breaking Palindromes Youre probably familiar with some of the most famous palindromes in the English language, like Madam, Im Adam and a nut for a jar of tuna. How many of these lesser-known, record-breaking palindromes do you know? The longest palindromic English word, according to the Guinness Book of World records: detartrated. The Guinness Book of Records bestowed the honor of longest English palindrome to detartrated, which is the preterit and past participle of detartrate, meaning to remove tartrates, or organic compounds. Unlike most English palindromes, which usually have seven letters or fewer, this has 11— impressive, except that Finnish palindromes easily rival it, with two having 25 letters.   The longest palindromic English word, according to the Oxford English Dictionary: tattarrattat. Coined by James Joyce in his 1922 novel Ulysses, the word is an onomatopoeia. It has been used to describe the sound of someone knocking on a door. The most recognizable palindromic poem: â€Å"Doppelgà ¤nger† by English poet James A. Lindon. At the poem’s midway point, each line is repeated backwards. The use of the device has literary significance: the concept of a doppelgà ¤nger involves a ghostly reflection of oneself, and the palindromic structure means that the latter half of the poem serves as a reflection of the first half.   The best palindromic place name: Wassamassaw. Wassamassaw is a swamp in South Carolina   The best Finnish palindrome: saippuakuppinippukauppias. This is the Finnish word for a soap cup trader, one of the longest palindromes in the world The longest palindromic novel: Lawrence Levine’s Dr. Awkward Olson in Oslo. In 1986, Lawrence Levine published the 31,954-word Dr. Awkward Olson in Oslo. Like Stephen’s letter, the novel is primarily gibberish. The history-based palindrome: Able was I ere I saw Elba. This palindrome related to French leader Napoleon Bonaparte’s exile to the island of Elba.   The best album title: Satanoscillatemymetallicsonatas (Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas). In 1991, American rock band Soundgarden included this bonus CD with some editions of Badmotorfinger, their third studio album.   The longest letter: David Stephen’s Satire: Veritas. Published in 1980 as a monograph, the letter is 58,706 words long. The ancient Roman palindrome: In girum imus nocte et consumimur igni. Like the Greeks, the Romans were also fans of palindromes, and this translates to â€Å"we enter the circle after dark and are consumed by fire,† which was believed to relate to how moths circled a flame. Palindromes in Math, Science, and Music Palindromic strands of DNA can be found in molecular biology, and mathematicians may look for palindromic numbers that have unique properties. Classical, experimental, and humorist composers have integrated musical palindromes into their work, including Joseph Haydn and Weird Al Yankovic.  Hadyns Symphony No. 47 in G Major was nicknamed The Palindrome since the Minuetto al Roverso and the Trio are both written so that second part of each piece is the same as the first, only backwards.

Essay on Juvenile Offenders - 2518 Words

A youth say 13, boy or girl, acquires a gun and shoots another youth who has been harassing them. There is no doubt they should receive some sort of punishment for their actions. However, should they receive this punishment through the Juvenile Courts or Criminal Courts? This is the question, which has no real definitive answer. However, this paper will attempt to address some important issued concerning this matter. Studies have shown that juvenile crime was on the raise during the beginning of the 1990’s. During the late 1990’s and into the early part of the new century these crimes have fallen slightly. However, where these crimes the same type of crimes as juveniles committed before? No these crimes have become more violent in nature†¦show more content†¦If a child did something wrong it was legal for a father to take his life. Now as time went on things changed and so did life. Progress was moving forward and children advanced along with the rest of humani ty. This is evident today in that children today do things we could only dream of doing at their age. In considering this at what age, does a child show a difference between diminished responsibility and bad decision? Children today have advanced socially due to modern technology such as television, movies, and games. The time when a child killed someone but because he/she did not understand a gun with bullets can harm is no longer. Now they can still make a bad decision but at the same time adults make bad decisions and are held responsible so why not those children who do the same thing? Legislation in each state addressed this issue. The State of Arizona for example has no age limit for transferring a juvenile to criminal court. Arizona uses a variety of provisions in order to deal with juvenile crime. These include judicial wavier laws like discretionary and presumptive. In addition, procedures for dealing concurrent jurisdiction, statutory exclusion, reverse wavier and once an adult always an adult. The next part in dealing with age is the use of term delinquency as it pertains to juvenile crime. Before continuing, you must understand when dealing with juvenile crimes the term delinquency is a part of the actions involved. All juveniles who processShow MoreRelatedIs Juvenile Sex Offenders?1741 Words   |  7 PagesI. Juvenile Sex Offenders The focus of this paper is juvenile sex offenders. We believe that this population is in need of more intensive community-based services, especially for those who are registered as a Megan’s Law Offender and have to follow the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Process. Three case studies will be illustrated in order to demonstrate our motivation to pursue social justice for this population. In summer of 2015, I (Dalynet) sat on a courtroom witnessing how a CarlRead MoreJuvenile Sex Offenders6865 Words   |  28 PagesResearch Paper 2 Juvenile sex offenders are frequently treated in the same manner as their adult counterparts with regards to punishment and sex offender registering. â€Å"Nationally, juvenile sex offenders make up 20% of all individuals charged with sexual offenses (McGinnis, 2006).† Placing a sex offender label on a juvenile may unjustifiably put restrictions on his or her opportunities in adulthood so it is for this reason that cases involving juvenile sex offenders should be prosecuted cautiouslyRead MoreJuvenile Female Sex Offenders : Offender And Offence Characteristics933 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Assignment #1 CRIJ 2313-Dr.Koenigsberg 9/17/14 Juvenile Female Sex Offenders Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld, and Jan Hendriks. Juvenile Female Sex Offenders: Offender And Offence Characteristics. European Journal Of Criminology 11.1 (2013): 23-38. European Journal Of Criminology. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. http://euc.sagepub.com/content/11/1/23. For this critical paper I evaluated the article, Juvenile Female Sex Offenders: Offender And Offence Characteristics†. This article conforms toRead MoreBenefits Of Treatment For Juvenile Offenders1934 Words   |  8 Pages The Benefits of Treatment for Juvenile Offenders Tompkins, Patrice Texas State University The Benefits of Treatment for Juvenile Offenders The juvenile justice system is broken in the United States but Louisiana, among many other states, is focusing their efforts into treatment over the incarceration of juvenile offenders According to the New York Times (2015), Louisiana has become a juvenile justice reform leader. State and local leaders have been working hard to make dramaticRead MoreLaws of Juvenile Sexual Offenders Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Sexual Offenders: Should the Laws Be Adjusted? In today’s society of internet sex crimes being broadcast on the evening news and 60 Minutes doing specials at least once a month. Are we paying enough attention to other sexual crimes and problems, such as the laws pertaining to juvenile sex offenders and their victims? Could more be done to help and protect the perpetrators, victims and their families? It is my opinion that the laws pertaining to juvenile sex offenders need to be adjustedRead MoreJuvenile Sex Offenders Essay example2573 Words   |  11 PagesApproximately 20% of all people charged with a sexual offense are juveniles. Among adult sex offenders, almost 50% report that their first offense occurred during their adolescence. (FBI, 1993) There are many different opinions, treatment options and legislation to manage the growing numbers of juvenile sex offenders. In today’s society the psychological and behavioral modification treatments used to manage juvenile sex offenders is also a growing concern. To understand and determine the proposedRead MoreMandatory Incarceration For Chronic Juvenile Offenders1355 Words   |  6 Pagesresearching materials of mandatory incarceration for chronic juvenile offenders, I had to define ‘What is a chronic juvenile offender?’ It is a young individual who are chronic reoffenders that is arrested on average two years earlier than juvenile offender (age usually 11 or younger). â€Å"The threshold in chronic offending for number of arrests is five. Therefore, youth arrested for the sixth time are extremely likely to later become young chronic offenders. So the use of arrests seems to be more appropriateRead MoreFemale Juvenile Offenders And The Need For Programs2286 Words   |  10 Pages Female Juvenile Offenders and the Need for Programs Sarah Pepe Alvernia University â€Æ' Abstract A major issue in today’s society is female juvenile offenders and the lack of programs available to them. This sparks the great need for programs for them. Females differ greatly from males and require different programs due to the emotional and mental changes between the two. Different approaches and ways to cope as well as heal are required more for girls rather than highly structured and strict approachesRead MorePrison State Of Kentucky And Juvenile Offenders920 Words   |  4 PagesIn the film Prison State, the focus was on the juveniles in the state of Kentucky, specifically individuals living in the Beecher Terrace neighborhood. Beecher Terrace is a low-income area that the majority of detainees lived in. Because individuals grew up in poverty they were predisposed to other risk factors that increased their likelihood of becoming a juvenile delinquent and an adult offender later on in life. Two major issues in the state of Kentucky were the over-crowdedness in the pri sonsRead MoreEfficacy of Sexual Offender Treatment: Juvenile Sexual Offenders with Mental Health Diagnosis2450 Words   |  10 PagesEfficacy of Sexual Offender Treatment: Juvenile Sexual Offenders with Mental Health Diagnosis Lynetric Rivers Liberty University Abstract Juvenile sex offending has been on the rise over the past ten years. Juvenile sex offenders are best described between the ages of 12 and 17 years old. It has often been thought the percentage of sexual disorders in relation to juvenile sex offenders have been low. It is very possible they have simply been misdiagnosed. Dr. Fong describes hypersexual

Personal Statement On Interpersonal Communication Essay

Interpersonal Communication Competence is defined as constantly communicating in a way that is effective, appropriate, and ethical (McCornack, 2016). When a person is communicating competently, they are following social norms, are able to accomplish their goals, and treating persons in an unbiased manner. In my paper I will be discussing my own interpersonal communication competence and the evaluations that I, and my close companions, have made about my ability to communicate proficiently. I will begin my essay by explaining what effective and appropriate communication consists of, and follow up with my argument on how effective and appropriate I am in my interpersonal relationships. As I continue I will examine my empathy and why I am strong in this aspect of communication, followed by my deliberation of my conversation management and why I am weak in this category and how I could possibly improve. As I near the conclusion of my paper I will focus on my interpersonal communication m otivation, knowledge, and skills. After reporting my scores in each category I will reflect on my skills, my lowest score, and explore why I am poorest at this quality and how I can grow in my capabilities. Overall I am a competent communicator, but enhancements can be made in my conversation management, effectiveness and skills in order to build up my competence. Table 1 Results of My Interpersonal Communication Competence Quiz Appropriate Effective Adaptable Conversational InvolvementShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Interpersonal Communication1598 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship I have with my husband is comfortable, which fits under the definition of interpersonal communication. According to McCornack, â€Å"interpersonal communication is defined as a dynamic form of communication in which the messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors and relationships† (McCornack pg. 9). This relationship meet the criteria for interpersonal communication because we know each others boundaries and when we talk the overall message sent to eachRead MorePersonal Statement : Interpersonal Communication Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the semester in interpersonal communication class I have gained versatile understandings of many abstract ideas on communication that without the course I may have missed an opportunity to do so. Looking at the bigger picture of communication, it is an ongoing learned skill that will be improved by both education and personal experiences which will help enable me to possess competent communication skills/characteristics. As I have learned in class our habitual communication styles and tendenciesRead MoreInterpersonal Communication753 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Student’s Name COM200: Interpersonal Communication Instructor’s Name Date (Sample March 19, 2014) Introduction- Thesis Statement * If you’re having difficulties writing a thesis, use the thesis generator in the Ashford Writing Center - https://awc.ashford.edu/writing-tools-thesis-generator.html. Remember, a thesis should make a claim – a definitive statement – about some issue. Here is an example: Effective communication is the most important factor in a successful relationshipRead MoreEssay on Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication1459 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A critical review of what has been noted about the four principles of interpersonal communication demonstrates that King (2000) has provided the definitive source for reviewing these issues. According to King, interpersonal communication is: inescapable, irreversible, complicated and contextual. Using these four principles as a basis for research, the current investigation provides a review of each of the four principles and the implication of each of these principles for the nursingRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesInterpersonal communication is the most important kind of communication. It happens when two individuals are in a close proximity to each other, and they are able to provide immediate feedback to one another. IPC (interpersonal communication) is the way we express our thoughts, feelings, and ideas to the people around us. Interpersonal communication is something you need to do well as it affects many aspects of your life. Interpersonal communication is a learned skill that can be improvedRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1463 Words   |  6 PagesBy definition theory is a proposal fostered to support a set of observations, a recognized statement of tentative knowledge depicting how various thoughts and concepts are connected to each other (Merriam-Webster, 2015). During my undergraduate studies my exposure to nursing theory was limited to mostly to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, a non-nursing theory. During this assignment I will expand my knowledge on the topic of nursing theory by explaining the importance of nursing theory. I will exploreRead MoreConstructivism And Its Effect On Interpersonal Communication1505 Words   |  7 Pages Constructivism and its Effect on Interpersonal Communication Andres Extrakt Lynn University Constructivism as a Communication Theory According to Jessie Delia’s 8th Edition of the college text â€Å" A First Look at Communication Theory†, constructivism is â€Å"a communication theory that seeks to explain individual differences in people’s ability to communicate skill in social situations.† The main purpose of constructivism is to explain why people execute the communicative decisionsRead MoreDefine and contrast the three ethical perspectives. How do the perspectives differ from the ethical theories? What does each ethical perspective tell us about morality and virtue?1405 Words   |  6 Pagesoutline for the Final Paper according to the Outline Form page. The outline must contain: Introduction with thesis statement At least five body paragraphs Conclusion Reference page containing at least three academic resources, two of which are found in the Ashford Online Library Introduction- Thesis Statement I want to provide strategies for resolving or managing interpersonal conflict within a relationship. Participants will learn about the causes and effects of conflict; evaluate the appropriateRead MoreInterpersonal Communication972 Words   |  4 PagesFour Principles of Interpersonal Communication These principles underlie the workings in real life of interpersonal communication. They are basic to communication. We cant ignore them Interpersonal communication is inescapable We cant not communicate. The very attempt not to communicate communicates something. Through not only words, but through tone of voice and through gesture, posture, facial expression, etc., we constantly communicate to those around us. Through these channels, we constantlyRead MoreCommunication : Understanding Interpersonal Communication1554 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction AND Thesis Statement Communication is the number one key in a relationship, especially when you re talking about marriage. I would like to take this moment to say congratulation on your recent marriage. I want to tell you that communication helps build a healthy personal foundation by implementing small talk in helping resolve conflicts through growth and helps reduce any barriers that prevent you from having a happy, successful marriage. Remember that no one is perfect at communicating

Baby Blues in Europe Free Essays

The population growth in most of the European nations is at critical point. The term baby blues have been used to describe the situation where families are opting to have fewer children due to various economic and social reasons. They are shying off from having an extra child due to the things they are experiencing day by day. We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Blues in Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now The societies have become more affluent and when such a thing happens one the effects is the low fertility rates. On the other hand women have gained more freedom in the society. They are engaging in the work force, this has resulted in consumption boom contributing to the delay of marriage and the rate at which people are marrying, this further impact on the fertility rates. The impacts of the social changes that have taken place in the recent years have been compounded by the changing of the working patterns. Career patterns have replaced the unskilled labor which has increased the importance attached to the longer training periods and the unbroken periods of employment as one gains skills has further strengthened the idea of delaying childbearing. This is what has resulted to the baby blues in a continent that had the highest population growth some years back. (Golin, A; Bruno, L and Lori, A 1991) Some of these factors are: lack of a nanny to take care of the child, busy schedules, work related and many others. The birth rates are generally falling fast with many women either opting to have no children or families making a choice of remaining with only one child. This trend is worrying many governments as they foresee a big problem ahead. The population growth rate is negative in most countries in this part of the world. If the trend continues it shows that the population in Western Europe countries will shrink. This is a dangerous trend for the bloc that is aiming to counter the United States as the world power. In the United States the population has been growing at a higher rate in comparison to the Europe due to factors such as migration, incentives from the government among others. What are the impacts of baby blues in the society? This is a question each and every government in Europe is trying to analyze and at the same time provides a workable solution to a situation that is threatening to impact negatively on the gains that this continent has made in the number of years. Having negative growth rate is not something any government in the developed world should be proud of. It is a risky affair that will have serious effects in the years to come. It means that at one given time Europeans countries will have a population imbalance where the number of the graying population will exceed the young people. This graying population will be a burden since there will be very few young working population to support them impacting negatively on the countries economic situation. (Golin, A; Bruno, L and Lori, A 1991) The trend will have an effect in the society especially in situation where the elderly have to be taken care of by the young. They require more money to cater for their medical bills and other expenses that come with the old age. This will be a burden to the younger population as they also have other obligation to meet. This population might also opt to have lesser families due to the added burden of caring of the elderly. If the trend continues beyond this point the problem will escalate for many years to come impacting heavily on the economic situation of these countries. The governments are concerned with this trend and they are up and planning on the measures to be taken to counter this negative development. The government can not afford to sit on the fence as it watches the population decline. This can have serious impact than imagined. It can threat the very existence of a nation. A nation whose population can not meet the needs of its economy is a t great danger especially if the other parts of the world more so those perceived to be the competitors are at an advantaged position regarding the population growth. China and United States population are projected to rise tremendously in the next fifty years whereas on the other hand the European population has been predicted to decline by a great margin. This means that Europe will depend much on the countries with a positive population growth on labor, market and other activities. To many governments in this region, this is a dangerous development as it will affect their power situation where these nations may take its position in the world map of power. (Hantarais, L 2004) The governments need to be concerned and act on the situation as it can have serious effects on all aspects of the society. Declining population goes hand in hand with the economic slow down. When the older population is higher than the young working population the situation becomes grave as the government will be faced with the burden of taking care of this graying population which can be as sensitive as the baby population. In the next ten or more years to come it is expected that the European population level will be more than seventy million or roughly ten percent below its current level. The governments are busy trying to counter this negative trend as it may pose serious problems if it is not tackled early and in an effective manner. Births rate have fallen to levels where they can not be replaced and on the other hand the continent median age has climbed steadly. This poses a complex problem which need to be approached in a sober manner as it can result to every disastrous situation. A decline in the working population mean that the government can only promote immigration to counter a situation where the labor supplies dwindle ,this poses a serious problem as this population will only be attracted from the developing nations where there are population crises and the level of skills is often. To stop the decline the government has to come up with a workable solution which will solve this problem once and for all and help avert a situation where economic slow down is experienced further complicating the matters. (Hantarais, L 2004) Of particular concern is the need to replenish the declining workforce as this will have long term effects if left unchecked. With the population having reached close to seven hundred million people a decline can be the most unfortunate things for the nations in Europe. The governments having been faced with the challenge on how they will approach this problem may mean that the problem will be bigger than imagined, but with the proper planning and coordination of policies this is an issue which can be tackled. Population ageing will increase the number of dependent people creating a potential burden on pension and public health care. The tax burden will have to be passed to the few working population further complicating the issue as this group will be overburden by the financial obligation they are supposed to meet. This will only escalate the existing pro blem with a higher probability of increased baby blues. The fear of having many children or in some cases- no children at all- among the childbearing population in the western nations and Europe in general poses a great danger for this continent. If the current fertility levels persisted and immigration ceased altogether the European population would fall way below six hundred million by the turn of the century. What would this mean in a continent that is expected to steer the global economy to the next level in the century. It shatter the dreams of a powerful Europe in the world map while at the same time putting the continent at a disadvantaged position since the population in some the world regions is increasing at a higher rate. Therefore since this is a problem that will have far reaching effects for some years to come the government s in the respective countries need to move fast and come up with comprehensive policies which will help in solving this problem. (McIntosh, A 1983) The governments are not spoilt of choices they have to act swiftly to avert a catastrophic situation where economic meltdown might be experienced in future. One of the response would be to boost the birth rates, this can be achieved through giving incentives to the couples who are willing to have children. These incentives need to be as attractive as possible so that they can include many people. In such a move the birth rates might turn a round and the feared decline may not be experienced at all. Immigration has been mentioned as another option as far as solving this problem is concerned but some people have pointed out that it will only be short-lived since the immigrants will eventually adapt the trends that already exist in the receiving countries. Government has to approach this issue in a broader way to ensure that the end results are positive. Though some people have described the situation as the best for the continent since there would be minimal competition for resources, baby blues present a dangerous situation for Western Europe as far as it future economic position is concerned. Bibliography Golin, A; Bruno, L and Lori, A. Population Changes in Europe, Labor, vol 5, Rome Italy (1991) Hantarais, L. Family Policy Matters: Responding to Family Change in Europe, The Policy Press (2004) McIntosh, A. Population Policy in Western Europe, ME Shape (1983) How to cite Baby Blues in Europe, Papers

Gastronomic Issues and Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Gastronomic Issues and Perspectives. Answer: Introduction: Globalization is a process in which there is increased global connectivity and integration between the states-nations, individuals-households, corporations and organizations. It is the increased interdependence in the social, economic, cultural, technological, ecological and political spheres. Due to an interchange of ideas, views, products and aspects of culture, the international integration process is taking place. Homogenization and heterogenization are the two aspects of cultural globalization that have transformed the food production and consumption (Beck 2015). Homogenization is an aspect of globalization that involves the mixing of different cultural practices blended into one uniform cultural practice that does not allow the easy characterization of the different cultures (van den Broek 2015). It is the intermingling and interaction of the peoples cultures in such a manner that there is no identification of an individual culture due to merging into one single culture. A single culture is assimilated and there is a breakdown of the cultural barriers as a result of homogenization. It has a great impact on our culture and national identity overpowered by global industries and multinational organizations. Due to mixing of different cultures, people lose their own cultural identity and recognize and adopt others elements (Pieterse 2015). The things are getting standardized due to globalization and everything is same everywhere. For example, the brands like Mc Donalds, Coca-Cola, and Starbucks and Pizza Hut are popular food icons that are found everywhere and they are acting as universal solvents dissolving the homogenous food cultures into one common culture throughout the world. This is cultural homogenization where people are moving towards one culture homogeneity and losing their own culture. Due to the advent of globalization, the homogenization is taking place. Every country has their own culture and that makes a nation unique and different from other countries. However, due to homogenization, is establishing a single powerful culture-flattening a nations own cultural diversity especially of the developing countries. The introduction of Westernized cultures in terms of eating, living and working habits have made the US culture as the supreme power termed as modernization or Americanization that are posing a threat to the notion of development of a nation. The homogenization of the global diet is resulting in the loss of unique crops and indigenous delicacies (Benyon and Dunkerley 2014). Macdonalization is a popular term used by sociologist George Ritzer who explained the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant and the manifestations of a society while adopting these characteristics. It is the set of principles adopted by a fast food restaurant dominating the American society and other nations as a whole (Grace and Palmer 2015). The efficiency, calculability, predictability and control are the four principles that a fast food industry adopts. When a country adopts Macdonalization, it changes the consumer patterns and cultural hybridization takes place. The efficiency is explained in terms of minimization of time from a customers perspective from being hungry to getting full. Calculability is explained in terms of quantification. Macdonalization has developed the notion that a large amount of product should be delivered to the customer in a short span of time and should equalize a product of high quality. Predictability in McDonaldized organization is the delivery o f same quality and services of the products to the customers irrespective of the location. The fourth principle is the control that has uniform and standardized employees and replaced by non-human technologies (Soron 2013). The standardized menus of McDonalds are served with great quality, great tasting and keeping in mind the considerations and needs of the customers who are choosing eatables outside their homes. They serve burgers, chicken sandwiches, salads, side snacks like fries, desserts, drinks like shakes and coffees. They serve quality foods with no preservatives, additives or fillers. The foods served are high in calories and protein content. Similarly, Starbucks deliver foods and drinks like coffee, bakery items, sandwiches, yoghurts, burgers and items with grilled cheese. Pizza Hut delivers pizzas, garlic bread, pasta, drinks and desserts. Macdonalization has both positive and negative effects on the society. People can get food instantly and there is an availability of services at large proportions. There is uniform quality and people can enjoy food and services even in the middle of the night. It has negative impacts like dehumanization, environmental and health hazards, irrationality of r ationality, low wages to the workers and have negative effects on the health due to consumption of fast foods (Dustin 2016). Disneyfication is the internationalization of US mass cultural entertainment values. It is the bigger, better and faster entertainment with a uniformity worldwide. The Walt Disney World, Disneyland Paris, Hong Kong Disneyland offers entertainment and is transforming the society into theme parks that resemble Walt Disney Corporation. The aspects of Disneyfication includes the theming, hybrid consumption, merchandising and performative labor (Matusitz and Palermo 2014). The theming is related to the infusion of a place or object with a particular idea. The introduction of multiple consumer opportunities in a location is called hybrid-consumption. The promotion of services or goods with objects that bear promotion with logos or images is merchandising. It is the imaginary presentation that makes people believe that rest is real depicted in theme parks of Disneyland. People find Disney films as a form of entertainment and a way to alleviate boredom. People are cut from anxieties and stre ss of life and the theme parks have become a dominant model for consumerism and escapism (Benedict, M.A. and McMahon 2014). Cultural heterogenization in globalization is another aspect where there is dissemination of region culture and being accepted by other cultures and societies and enhances the cultural diversity of local society (Pfau, Kirley and Kashima 2013). There is interaction of different cultures influencing each other to form new cultural settings and change cultural forms while moving through time and space. It is the process of global cultural adaptation to local cultures defining cultural heterogenization. There are various manifestations of heterogenization in our daily life. The introduction of hybrid cultures like popularization of prominent icons like Starbucks, McDonaldss, Puma, and Walmart among people shows the incorporation of western culture in our life. The African and Eastern beats incorporation in American rap, use of Indian curry in English recipes and popularity of Buddhism in modern psychology are some of the examples of cultural heterogenization prevailing due to globalizat ion. It is an ambivalent process in which there is emerging of discrete cultural, national or civilization blocks occurring at the same time and spurred on by global flows (Chen and Ritzer 2015). Heterogenization occurs in order to preserve the indigenous cultures and regional sentiments of a country. It is called Slow Food movement which is a promotion to reduce fast food consumption to preserve the regional and traditional cuisine. It also strives to encourage the farming and livestock of the local ecosystem (Lindholm and Lie 2013). For example, McDonalds in India adopted the slow food movement as they serve chicken and fish burgers as in Indian culture, cow is regarded sacred and so there is no selling of burgers filled with beef. The Mc Donalds in Hong Kong serve Mac rice burgers in order to preserve the local culinary of Chinese rice dishes. It is an inexpensive and quick meal served in Hong Kong style rice dishes in order to preserve the traditional culinary and introduce heterogenization. Globalization cannot be stopped but in order to save our traditional culture we have to introduce the local culinary in our standardized foods. The homogenization has led to the failure to recognize our own cultural diversity and become modernized by adopting western culture. However, in the face of globalization, people should construct their own identities and help to defend the concept of homogenization and strive for the survival of local cultures. Macdonalization and Disneyfication also impose threats to the notions of a culture. Therefore, we have to adopt the good aspects of the globalization and should develop a sense of preserving the indigenous culture and eliminating the deleterious influences by introducing concepts of heterogeneity and slow food movement. Culinary tourism defined as the uniqueness in terms of memorable eating and drinking experiences. When the edible experiences are combined with travel, culinary tourism is introduced that provides the locals and tourists an authentic taste of food of that place. It is the exploration of the food through tourism (Long 2015). The culinary tourism is now a vital component along with the scenery, accommodation and climate that are important for the tourists. Gastronomy is the study of the food and culture relationship, the art of preparing and serving the delicate, rich and appetizing food (Cambourne et al. 2003). The culinary tourism also influences gastronomy as the style of cooking of a particular region and the art of good food eating attracts tourists to a particular place. The Slow Food Movement is one of the major driving forces that attract food tourism. It has major principles that envision the world in which people should have access and enjoy good food. It also aims to provide foods that are good for people, good for production and also good for the planet (Petrini 2013). Moreover, there are three interconnected principles of Slow Food Movement that defines their approach. The concept of Good, Clean and Fair is the philosophy of the Slow Food Movement. The healthy, flavored and quality food defines the concept of Good. The Clean is defined by the production of the food that is not harmful to the people who grow them as well as for the environment. The accessible prices for the customers, fair conditions for the producers to pay define the concept of Fair. The Slow Food Movement helps people to enjoy meat that is grass fed, free-range poultry, abstaining processed foods, preparation of natural ingredients from the scratch, raising own crops and creating awareness among the people about the food sources (Adams, Burke and Whitmarsh 2014). It also encourages people to support and follow the principles of Slow Food Movement. The concept of slow food is considered as a quiet revolution that helped to change the attitude of American food. The organization has helped to gather presence in the food worlds at international level and bringing people together from across the globe to share their common passion for food (Pookulangara and Shephard 2013). The experiences of food and wine in tourism are vital and are increasing being noticed as the prime motivators in travelling for tourists. They are the integral parts of tourism and are a major part for analysis. The introduction of food in tourism is an important instrument that promotes regional development and enhances visitor experience. The food and wine also encourage new visitors and increases the destination appeal. The gastronomy is an important aspect of tourism that helps to draw people to visit and experience the food and place. The type of foods, eating habits, style of cooking, trends in food consumption helps to attract tourists in a particular place enhancing the economy of that particular place. The gastronomy in tourism links the regional and local economies and as a result helps to enrich the rural economics, regenerate the local identity and re-value the natural tradition and heritage (Hall and Sharples 2003). Moreover, gastronomy with tourism is an important tool and strategy adopted by a region for the development of tourism and increase chances of development. The hospitality sector benefits and contributes to the growth of this sector along with increasing job opportunities. The gastronomic tourism is also beneficial in improving the local economic framework by promoting the locally made raw material producers an in supporting the sustainable and strong food and agricultural indu stry that can compete globally (Diaconescu, Moraru and St?nciulescu 2016). The food culture includes the art of cooking food, the local cuisine, traditions and beliefs in developing food. The food culture is dependent on the traditions and beliefs of the country or nation. The food culture also depicted in the activities like food festivals, food expo and other festivals celebrating the food culture of that particular region (Hall 2013). For example, Hong Kong organizes food festival every year like wine and dine festival and the celebrity chefs cooking shows that helps to promote the indigenous flavors and ingredients of a particular place. The tourists get attracted to the local food, their ingredients like the kinds of herbs and spices giving them unique and new experiences. In the process of doing this, the local cultures are being highlighted and marketed attracting a pool of tourists. Gastronomic tourism has now become an indispensable element that helps to know the lifestyle and culture of a particular region (Bjrk and Kauppinen-Risnen 2014). Therefo re, the trends of gastronomic tourism advocate the tradition, culture and food lifestyles of a region. Long 2004 first coined the term culinary tourism that defines the experiences of different cultures through the food and wine. The gastronomic tourism comprises of travelling and enjoying food and drinks and share memorable and unique memorable gastronomic experiences. The culinary tourism includes any travelling experience of a person in terms of appreciating and enjoying the local cuisine and drink that reflects the culture and heritage of that place. It is about the authentic, uniqueness and memorable experiences of food and local delicacies. The gastronomic tourism helps to regenerate and re-value the local traditions and food cultures that have lost its importance during the course of time. Moreover, it also helps to enhance the economy of that particular place. It also includes the local farmers, local drinks, and the traditions and beliefs in making the food. Therefore, combining food with tourism is an important tool in developing the food and economy of a particular region. References Adams, V., Burke, N.J. and Whitmarsh, I., 2014. Slow research: Thoughts for a movement in global health.Medical Anthropology,33(3), pp.179-197. Beck, U., 2015.What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Benedict, M.A. and McMahon, E.T., 2014. From Parks to Green Infrastructures.The Leisure Commons: A Spatial History of Web 2.0, p.165. Benyon, J. and Dunkerley, D., 2014.Globalization: the reader. Routledge. Bjrk, P. and Kauppinen-Risnen, H., 2014. Culinary-gastronomic tourisma search for local food experiences.Nutrition Food Science,44(4), pp.294-309. Cambourne, B., Mitchell, R., Hall, C.M., Sharples, L. and Macionis, N., 2003.Food tourism around the world: Development, management and markets. Elsevier Ltd. Chen, C.C. and Ritzer, G., 2015. Globalization and Consumption.The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Consumption and Consumer Studies. Diaconescu, D.M., Moraru, R. and St?nciulescu, G., 2016. Considerations on gastronomic tourism as a component of sustainable local development.Amfiteatru Economic, (Special 10). Dustin, D., 2016.The McDonaldization of social work. Routledge. Grace, A.R. and Palmer, J.E., 2015. The Homogeneity of Society: The Role of Franchising in the Health and Food Sectors.Sociology and Anthropology,3(12), pp.661-664. Hall, C.M. and Sharples, L., 2003. The consumption of experiences or the experience of consumption? An introduction to the tourism of taste.Food tourism around the world: Development, management and markets, pp.1-24. Hall, C.M., 2013.Wine, food, and tourism marketing. Routledge. Lindholm, C. and Lie, S.B., 2013. You Eat What You Are: Cultivated Taste and the Pursuit of Authenticity in the Slow Food Movement. InCulture of the Slow(pp. 52-70). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Long, L.M., 2015. Culinary tourism: A folkloristic perspective on eating and otherness.Food and Folklore Reader, p.437. Matusitz, J. and Palermo, L., 2014. The Disneyfication of the World: A Grobalisation Perspective.Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change,11(2), pp.91-107. Petrini, C., 2013.Slow food nation: Why our food should be good, clean, and fair. Rizzoli Publications. Pfau, J., Kirley, M. and Kashima, Y., 2013. The co-evolution of cultures, social network communities, and agent locations in an extension of Axelrods model of cultural dissemination.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,392(2), pp.381-391. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Pookulangara, S. and Shephard, A., 2013. Slow fashion movement: Understanding consumer perceptionsAn exploratory study.Journal of retailing and consumer services,20(2), pp.200-206. Soron, D.E., 2013. George Ritzer, The McDonaldization of Society.Canadian Journal of Sociology,38(3), pp.447-449. van den Broek, L., 2015.Globalization Leads to Homogenization: A Case Study about Authenticity and Globalization in Antwerp(Doctoral dissertation, NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences). Xu, Q.I.U., 2014. The Research on the Orientation of Modern World Culture in the Context of Cultural Globalization: Retrospect and Prospect.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),5, p.026.

Impact on Sustainable Consumption-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Marketers are not doing enough in directing their target Markets toward Sustainable Consumptions You are required to respond to the statement above and write the responses in an essay format. Answer: Introduction Consumer policy think-tanks may make a more meaningful impact on sustainable consumption patterns from the environmental and social angles. The UN now embody programs focusing on extensive research on the topic of sustainable consumption, promoting institutional practices based on sustainability and recycling, inspiring life cycle thought processes that have the emphasis on formulating eco-products, and creating benchmarks in the domain of controlling and checking any relevant environmental norms. According to Defila (2014, p. 121), sustainable consumption programs can enhance unity and win synergies across the board of policies: consumer, economic, education, environmental, social, etc. Countries famous for upholding comprehensive strategies in alignment with sustainable consumption are Czech Republic, Austria, Norway, Finland, Poland, France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Germany and Hungary, along with Greece are found in conflict for improving local policies focusing on sustain able consumption and production (In Genus, 2016, pp. 98-103). UK and Sweden are amongst the OECD countries that have end to end sustainable consumption modules or action plans. Discussion As stated by In Cohen, In Brown In Vergragt (2014, p. 341), the UK sustainable consumption agenda highlights on an effective policy mix in the domains of waste and recycling, energy efficiency, food and water usage. The year 2004 marked the construction of the Sustainable Consumption Roundtable by the UK, which was collaboration between the National Consumer Council and the Sustainable Development Commission, to formulate strategies. The Czech Republic Model of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production came up after the implementation of the idea of equivalent set of people led by the Minister of Environment. The National Council for Sustainable Development in France, a citizens unit and regulator creates strategies on sustainable consumption actions (Reisch Thgersen, 2017, p. 191), in Germany, the Federal Environment Ministry (BMU) formulates policies on sustainable consumption and production in the year 2004 by which the stakeholders were found to be satisfied. Certain n ations focus on sustainable consumption in holistic strategies (Belgium, Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway). As per Davies, Fahy Rau (2016, pp. 34-52), out of all the OECD countries, most of them are known to have consumption indicators in their overall strategies that include: household products, share of overweight or obese people; water and electricity consumption; extent of green public procurement; generation of household waste and eco-label awards by product group. As stated by Jones (2016, p. 90), most of the OECD countries across the globe are considering holding public communications campaigns for the purpose of enhancing sustainable consumption. Previously, the campaigns were elaborated in nature, to assist environment-friendly purchases, i.e. Consumption and Environment in Demark, Education for Consumption in Mexico, Green Purchasing Network in Japan, EcoBuyer Campaign in Finland. Recent communications campaigns are engaging when it comes to providing advice on practical actions, and strategies of tackling of multi-media. Government campaigns are often targeted in inspiring eco-friendly consumption habits. One such country is Japan that is creating diversified and multidimensional cultural traditions to enhance sustainable packaging and recycling through the 3R campaign (Erdog?du, Arun Ahmad, 2016, pp. 190-212). In the United States, local authorities lent money to the advertising campaign on Water, to promote a wise use of it, which brin gs into focus efficient ways by which water can be saved in the immediate surroundings. One interesting fact is that in France, a government-sponsored television and radio campaign in 2006 spread awareness among the common mass on the different strategies that can be applied to improve conditions related to climate change and biodiversity loss. According to McEachern Carrigan (2015, p. 231), communications campaigns are becoming more and more popular in sensitizing socially-conscious consumption. Initiatives have place emphasis on people to quit smoking and on the anti-obesity campaigns in the United States, Germany and United Kingdom, targeted at lessening intake of junk foods by children (Li, 2016, pp. 101-123). The German Development Co-operation Ministry carried out a large scale campaign with the amount of 3.3 million to promote and spread awareness on the utilization of fair trade goods under the theme Fair Feels Good. According to Armstrong et al., (2015, pp. 141-167), there are a number of tools that have made a significant impact on sustainable consumer choices. One such tool is voluntary labeling. Research indicates that this tool has led to an increase of consumption of more products in the different countries when reviewed for the last few years. The labels that have been indicated as feasible are those where verification of environmental or social claims are done by a third party, such as governments as well as private organizations. These labels might be multi-criteria in nature that do relative views of their products or might be single issue labels which point to particular environmental or social characteristics of a product, like organic cotton, dolphin-safe tuna, or sustainable forestry. These labels are most effective when they generate information to large scale consumers on sustainability in a lucid manner (Kahle Gurel-Atay, 2015, p. 412). The most popular environmental or eco-labe ls with high levels of consumer recognition and impact on producers are the Nordic Swan (introduced in 1989) and the German Blue Angel (introduced in 1977). The latter is applied to some 3 800 products of about 710 companies, while the former includes high numbers of products and has consumer recognition of up to 90%. According to Jones (2016, p. 90), names of other countries that have national eco-label schemes encompass the European Union (the Flower), Canada (Environmental Choice), the Czech Republic, Austria, Japan (Eco Mark), France (NF Environnement), Netherlands, United States 30 (Green Seal) and the Sweden (Environmental Choice). Countries such as Austria, Czech Republic have their eco-labeling programs approved by governments while the others have non-governmental agencies or organizations to look after them, such as Germany, Japan. Marks Spencers is UKs leading retailer, dealing with food, clothing, and homeware. It was in the year 2006 that the company decided to place the concept of sustainability at the centre stage of all business processes. It transformed all the facets of the company, such as sales and customer relationships (Defila, 2014, p. 121). The pillars of the retailers plan on sustainable consumption were: Climate change: to transform MSs operations as carbon-neutral, Reducing waste: to have zero waste moving to landfill by recycling bags and packaging, Sustainable raw materials: to purchase the resources that are sustainable and renewable, Being a fair partner: to bring improvements in the lifestyles of millions of people and their families, Health: to aid thousands of employees and customers take up a healthier lifestyle (Reisch Thgersen, 2017, p. 191). It is noted that the success of the retailer companys sustainability plan was significant as so much of tangible change was highlighted like: lessening 10,000 tons of packaging, moving 20,000 tons of waste from landfill, stopped emitting 40,000 tons of CO2, stopped using 387 million food carrier bags (an 83% reduction), handled 1,500 tons of recycled polyester (equal to 37 million bottles), organic food sales in 2008 higher by 40% relative to 2006, created 100 million liters of water by bettering its use (Li, 2016, pp. 101-123). Conclusion Public communications campaigns are common in the OECD countries that have the objective of enhancing sustainable consumption. Recent communications campaigns are engaging regarding suggestions and piece of recommendations on practical actions, and tackling effectively the multi-media. Government campaigns are often targeted in inspiring eco-friendly consumption habits. Among the different tools for impacting sustainable consumer choices, voluntary labeling increased to use of more products and countries in recent years. These can be multi-criteria labels or single issue labels. It can be concluded that marketers are not enough to promote sustainable consumption. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Trifts, V., Buchwitz, L. A., Gaudet, D. (2015). Marketing: An introduction. Toronto : Pearson, pp. 141-167. Davies, A., Fahy, F., Rau, H. (2016).Challenging consumption: Pathways to a more sustainable future. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge,pp. 34-52. Defila, R. (2014).Sustainable consumption. Munich: Oekom-Verl, p. 121. Erdog?du, M. M., Arun, T., Ahmad, I. H. (2016).Handbook of research on green economic development initiatives and strategies. Hershey, PA, USA: Business Science Reference, pp. 190-212. In Cohen, M. J., In Brown, H. S., In Vergragt, P. (2014).Innovations in sustainable consumption: New economics, socio-technical transitions and social practices. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar,p. 341. In Genus, A. (2016).Sustainable consumption: Design, innovation and practice. Cham: Springer, pp. 98-103. Jones, A. (2016).Services and the Green Economy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 90. Kahle, L. R., Gurel-Atay, E. (2015).Communicating sustainability for the green economy. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, p. 412. Li, X. (2016).Environmental advertising in China and the USA: The desire to go green. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group,pp. 101-123. McEachern, M. G., Carrigan, M. (2015).Contemporary issues in green and ethical marketing. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, p. 231. Reisch, L. A., Thgersen, J. (2017).Handbook of Research on Sustainable Consumption. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 191.